Serial Killer The Twentieth Century - 2402 Words

The twentieth century is marked by several remarkable events, from World War I to World War II, to the cold war and nuclear arms race to a plethora of other distinctive occurrences. This time period, however, possesses a rather gruesome attribute as well. It was in this century, the year of 1970 to be exact, in which the term â€Å"serial killer† was first coined. Serial killing ran rampant during the 1900s, riddling each of its decade with bloodshed and horrific methods of murder. Notorious killers, such as Albert Fish and Richard Ramirez, made their debut in this century, brutally and methodically slaughtering innocent victims in the most ghastly ways. The violence via psychopathic murder was so much so during this era that â€Å"Serial Killer† became known as the â€Å"twentieth century bogeyman.† According to the FBI, a serial killer is defined as a person who has murdered at least three people with a period of inactivity between each kill. Oftentimes, a seri al killer has no apparent reason to murder his or her victim, and most victims are virtual strangers to the murderer. Instead, serial killers target easy preys, like prostitutes or unsuspecting hitchhikers, that have common distinctive features, such as similar ethnicities, gender, race,age etc. Motives to kill include satisfaction of sexual desires, unwarranted anger, monetary advancement, or gaining of attention. Profiling a serial killer can prove to be very difficult, if not impossible. They have that innate ability to blendShow MoreRelated Serial Killers Essay790 Words   |  4 Pages The nineteen-seventies was an incredible decade. It was a decade of change, one of freedom, a time for great music. It was also an incredible decade for shock, fear and serial killers. John Wayne Gacy, an amateur clown, was a pedophiliac homosexual. He tortured and killed thirty three little boys and stored their remains under his house. David Berkowitz, a.k.a. the Son of Sam, stalked New York City from nineteen-sixty-seven to nineteen-seventy-seven. He claimed to have been following a voice fromRead MoreSerial Killers And The Psychopathic Personality Essay1037 Words   |  5 PagesThe concept of the psychopathic personality originated in the early nineteenth century with the research of J. C. Prichard, who formulated the notion of â€Å"moral insanity† to refer to a number of mental deficiencies that led to violent or undesired behaviors. Prichard’s findings â€Å"certain individuals lacked the â€Å"natural feelings† of respect and responsibility and therefore lacked the ability to restrain themselves from socially unacceptable behavior† The distinction of the psychopath from the ordinaryRead MoreCapital Punishment and the Media1249 Words   |  5 Pagesthe criminal justice system. It has brought important debates to the national attention in every aspect to whether end the lives of criminals. With the intense media coverage, it raised high standards on disputes on high profile cases such as serial killers. The attention given by the media towards capital punishment attracts the public own opinions. As a result, they’re views of the media and society allows them to form important issues of impact on the debate of the capital punishment The majorityRead MoreThe Culture Of America By Mark Seltzer1578 Words   |  7 PagesThe culture of America is drawn to trauma, which is a Greek word for wound. (â€Å"Trauma†) In the turning of the twentieth century, the superstar of the wound culture emerged: the serial killer. The fascination with this new founded celebrity haunts and excites the community. These famous killers are intriguing and raise complex questions of why people do what they do. Therefore, serial killers are molded by family experiences, the oedipal complex, and the fear of abandonment. The early stage of lifeRead More The Killing Spree of Richard Speck Essay836 Words   |  4 PagesThe Killing Spree of Richard Speck Throughout the twentieth century, there have been many mass/serial killers. One killer who may be over-shadowed by the likes of Ted Bundy or Paul Bernardo, is Richard Speck. To some, Speck may be considered a lightweight in the mass murder world but to his victims and their families, he is a man of sub-human character. To prove his poor character, on that frightful night, while he was raping one of his victims he calmly said to her, Would you mind puttingRead MoreEssay on Polio an American Story by David M.Ochinsky1081 Words   |  5 PagesNadikatla PRESENTED TO: Gerard Cleaves Polio an American story is a scholarly readable and informative book which covers the lives of many American eminent scientists who struggled a lot to eradicate polio. This book mainly focuses on the mid twentieth century where the people are very eager to find a vaccine to eradicate polio .This book also covers the entire topics from appearance of polio symptoms to post polio syndrome which shows the valuable thesis done by David M. Oshinsky. Throughout thisRead MoreA Trip At The Moon And Lang s M1691 Words   |  7 Pageswork for example, but was rather testing to which extent cinema could construct images of the impossible. However, we cannot help but question: Why are the scientists and their methods presented in such a ludicrous way? The beginning of the twentieth century was a blooming period for science. A scientist was a serious and self-important man. Their representation in the movie could be Mà ©lià ¨s’ way of dismissing and satirising their sobriety. The scientists manage to build their bullet â€Å"spaceship† andRead MoreEdmund Kemper881 Words   |  4 PagesRUNNING HEAD Gorank Gandhi Mr. Mason Criminal Science Dec 14, 2012 EDMUND KEMPER: The Coed Butcher Edmund Emil Big Ed Kemper III  (born December 18, 1948),  also known as  The Co-ed Killer,  is an American  serial killer  who was active in California in the early 1970s. He started his criminal life by shooting both his grandparents when he was 15 years old.  Kemper later killed and dismembered six female hitchhikers in the  Santa Cruz  area. He then murdered his mother and one of her friendsRead MoreInvestigating The Relationship Between The Actual Reporting Of The Murders During Modern Popular Culture2362 Words   |  10 PagesThis paper will attempt to examine the relationship between the actual reporting of the murders during the time with retellings of the murders in modern popular culture. It will therefore examine sources from the 19th century onward. It will explore both facts and legends associated with the mysterious figure of Jack the Ripper. Public responses both in the original reporting and feedback to modern films will be addressed. This will coinc ide with the cultural significance of these crimes and howRead MoreSerial Killers and Mass Murderers2058 Words   |  9 PagesBlankenship 6 April 2000 Mrs. Waggener English II Mass Murderers and Serial Killers Mass Murderers and Serial Killers are nothing new to todays society. These vicious killers are all violent, brutal monsters and have an abnormal urge to kill. What gives people these urges to kill? What motivates them to keep killing? Do these killers get satisfaction from killing? Is there a difference between mass murderers and serial killers or are they the same. How do they choose their victims and what

Chinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart - 1808 Words

What effects can fear have on a person? And how can these effects influence that person? Fear is defined in the Oxford dictionary as ‘an unpleasant emotion caused by the threat of danger, pain or harm’. The tragic novel â€Å"Things Fall Apart†, written by the renowned Nigerian author, Chinua Achebe, is an incredibly influential text. The novel is also an example of how fear can be utilised as an approach to characterisation. Achebe composed his novel in a manner, which portrays a complex and dynamic community to represent Nigerian cultures to a western audience. Achebe was able to attain this through the Ibo communities and the main character Okonkwo. In the beginning of the novel, Okonkwo is represented as a man of pride, success, and hard†¦show more content†¦These aspects will be explored further, during this presentation. Firstly, Okonkwo’s fear of being akin to his father plays a major role in characterising Okonkwo. This fear, in particular, is one of the earliest, in-depth portrayals of what motivates Okonkwo’s hard working nature and determination. Okonkwo’s distaste for his father, or men akin to his father, is first revealed in the characterisation of his father, Unoka. The quote: â€Å"He had no patience for unsuccessful men. He had no patience for his father† (ch1, pg3) shows the comparison of Okonkwo’s father to an unsuccessful man. This comparison allows the reader to infer that the Unoka held traits, such as inertia, and idleness, which made him unproductive. This is built upon further with the quote: â€Å"Perhaps down in his heart Okonkwo was not a cruel man. But his whole life was dominated by fear, the fear of failure and of weakness... It was the fear of himself, lest he should be found to resemble his father†¦ And so Okonkwo was ruled by one pa ssion – to hate everything that his father Unoka had loved. One of those things was gentleness and another was idleness.† (Ch2, pg 12). This use of direct characterisation to portray Okonkwo’s father reveals what Okonkwo is afraid of becoming by describing the attitudes displayed by Unoka that Okonkwo, therefore, avidly tries to avoid. This allows the reader to infer a reason for

Ford and Taylor Scientific Management-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Would workers in Australia, America or Europe accept the Taylorism in this form today? 2.Consider the design of scripts for use in Call Centres, can you see Taylorism in that? Explain. 3.What would be some of the key drawbacks or risks of living in the flat world of Globalisation 3.0 as Friedman describes it? 4.Do you agree with Friedmans iron rule of the flat world? Explain. 5.Is the level of globalisation uniform across the world? Explain. 6.Has your view on globalisation changed after listening to Professor Ghemawat? Explain. 7.Consider where you have seen the fears that people have about globalisation. Do you think these fears may subside with some data points that may suggest otherwise? Answers: Introduction Ford and Taylorism was critical in improving the production cycle during the turn of the century. Based on the concept of time and motion, it seeks to improve efficiency and speed. It is still applicable today in breaking tasks into smaller ones that are done on repetition. It has practical application at the personal space and at the workplace such as the induction process. Globalization according to Thomas Friedman occurred in three phases driven by the country, company and ending with the individual. The iron rule for living in this flat world as postulated by Friedman is to do it before it is done to you. His premise presents a world that calls for collaboration, connections and at times competition globally. This world calls for taking risks and developing a global mindset. Professor Ghemawat on the other hand posits that the world is not flat or globalized as we currently assume. The lack of accurate data on trade, immigration and investments on the global scale leads to wrong assumptions. This wrong position on globalization is what he refers to globaloney and is the basis on fears presented regarding foreign aid and immigration. Accurate presentation of globalization is helpful in contributing to global welfare Table of Contents MOG.. 4 E-Learning activities. 4 Week 1- Activity 1- Ford and Taylorism.. 4 Question one- 4 Question two. 4 Question three. 4 Week 2- Activity 1- Thomas Friedman on Globalization; 3 Eras of Globalization; World is flat 5 Question two. 5 Question three. 5 Week 2- Activity 2- Pankaj Ghemawat on Globalization. 6 Question one. 6 Question two. 6 Conclusion. 7 References. 8 MOG E-Learning activities 1.Workers in Europe, America and Australia would not accept Taylorism in this form due to two reasons. The first is the minimum legislative requirements that protect the worker while the second is the right to union representation. The government regulates employers with regards to employers on job security as a social policy and measure on growth of the economy. Union representation ensures bargaining power with respect to work conditions and wage increases. 2.The scripts used in call centers reflects the key concepts of Taylorism in that the autonomy of human agents is reduced or eliminated. This is within the concept of time and motion that view workers as systemic soldiers. The script is intended to reduce low productivity and seeks to manipulate the call agents to maximum productivity. The script reduces the agents to automatons in repetitively doing the same scripted task. (Hingst 2006).The scripts are uniform and are designed to reduce the average time taken to handle customer queries. This is intended to reduce cost at the call center and improve speed and efficiency.There are two assumptions of Taylorism which are still relevant: efficiency and speed. Efficiency is improved by repetition which in turn improves speed. This is achieved by breaking down tasks into smaller sub-tasks which do not need specialization, creating a pattern at the professional and personal space. The pattern developed is helpful in learning and reinforcing the learned behavior for daily activities with minimum exertion. An example is the induction process for a new employee which needs to be quick, efficient and cost effective for most organizations. 3.The flat world presents risks as it requires individuals to globalize. It requires collaboration, connections and competition on the global scale (Friedman 2008). This presents challenges of not only competing locally and regionally but now on the global scale. Individuals are then forced to think out of the box and think globally while acting locally. New skills set in the market place such as learning new languages and cultural competence may be required. It calls for additional learning as an individual in order to adapt the new global thinking mind set. 4.According to Friedman, the iron rule of the flat world is that whatever can be done will be done. Friedman (2008), states that it will either be done by you or to you. The risk of living in this world is that procrastination is dangerous and can have disastrous outcomes. The small tiny world that is flat presents opportunities for risk takers who are willing to do things in the now or lose the opportunity when someone else does it. It becomes a world defined by risk takers who are willing to step out of their comfort zone so that they become doers before other people take their position. 5. The level of globalization is not uniform due to two important reasons. The first is that globalization driven by companies will differ based on the country of origin (Friedman 2008). Countries with more multinational companies will have greater impact on globalization. The second reason is that globalization driven at the individual level will differ depending on the education level and economic empowerment. Ha (2012), states that persons from poor countries with high levels of illiteracy will have lower levels of globalization than those from rich countries with high literacy levels. 6.After listening to Professor Ghemawat, I have come to a new conclusion concerning globalization. We are actually less globalized than the existing literature and data that is currently available. The figures we are currently presented with in terms of trade and immigration are often inflated and distort the true reality on globalization. Current official data on trade, investment and immigration is often counted multiple times (Ghemawat 2012). The figures presented by Ghemawat show that the world is less globalized and flat. The true figures present the opportunity for more gains on globalization in the future and are helpful in debunking wrong assumptions on immigration and foreign aid given to poor countries. 7.The two main fears are in relation to immigration and foreign aid as a percentage of the GDP. An example is France where the assumption of immigrants as a percentage of the population is overstated. The true figure is 8% while the wrong assumption is 24% (Ghemawat 2012). This variance has the potential of inciting biases based on religion and race. The assumed large immigrant population could also become the scapegoat for all the social ills and failures and becomes a point of political manipulation (Power, Barnes Barnes-Holmes 2017). The true facts may help in reversing this wrong postulations and increase greater acceptance of immigrants. The second fear is on the amount of foreign aid given to less developed countries. The current assumption by Americans on the foreign aid as a percentage of the federal budget is 30% while the true figure is 1% (Ghemawat 2012). The true figure is helpful in changing the bias most people may have against more allocation of resources to aid poor countries. Poor countries may benefit from more aid meant to assist them develop their economies (Mosley 2015). This may help to achieve the objectives set out at the Rio Summit which was twenty year ago (Ghemawat 2012). The accurate position on globalization is therefore helpful in contributing to global welfare. Conclusion The concepts presented by Taylor on production may still have practical use today in terms of improving efficiency and speed. An example is in the induction process which needs to be quick, efficient and cost effective. Globalization according to Friedman has moved in three phases and his iron rule about the flat world calls for taking risk in order to become relevant and competitive. Ghemawat presents a contrary opinion and states that the world is not as globalized as is generally assumed based on presenting correct facts and figures. References Ford and Taylor Scientific Management, 2008, Ford and Taylorism, viewed 23 August 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8PdmNbqtDdI Friedman, T, 2008, Thomas Friedmans three eras of globalization, viewed 23 August 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lp4znWHvsjU Friedman, T, 2008, What Thomas Friedman means when he says The World is flat, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oM2BguxRSyY Ghemawat, P, 2012, Actually the world isnt flat, viewed 23 August 2017, https://www.ted.com/talks/pankaj_ghemawat_actually_the_world_isn_t_flat/details Ha, E, 2012, 'Globalization, Government Ideology, and Income Inequality in Developing Countries', Journal of Politics, vol. 74, no. 2, pp. 541-557. Available from: 10.1017/S0022381611001757. [23 August 2017]. Hingst, R, 2006, Perceptions of life in call centers. Journal of Management Practice, volume 7 (issue 1): pp.1-9 Mosley, P 2015, Foreign Aid : Its Defense and Reform, The University Press of Kentucky, Lexington. Power, P, Harte, C, Barnes-Holmes, D, Barnes-Holmes, Y 2017, 'Exploring Racial Bias in a European Country with a Recent History of Immigration of Black Africans', Psychological Record, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 365-375. Available from: 10.1007/s40732-017-0223-6. [23 August

Skin Cancer Essays (1167 words) - Medicine, Clinical Medicine

Skin Cancer Skin Cancer About a million americans will develop skin cancer this year. Skin cancer is the most prevalent of all cancers, and it's increasingly on the rise. There are millions of tiny cells that make up the human body. There are different kinds of cells, but they all make new cells by a process that involves dividing in half. This is how old cells are replaced with strong new cells. When a cells divides and doesn't do the job that it was intended to do for the body, and then it continues to divide and makes more of these useless cells, and these cells continue to collect, it is called a tumor. There are two types of tumors: benign and malignant. The cells in a benign tumor can crowd out healthy cells, even though they can not spread to other, and healthier, parts of the body (Ingraham 447). However, a malignant tumor is cancer. A malignant tumor can also crowd out the healthy cells around it, but in addition to thatt it can spread to other parts of the body and take over the healthy cells in different areas of the body. Skin cancer is a disease in which cancer cells are found in the outer layers of skin. The skin has two main layers and several kinds of cells. The top layer is the epidermis and it is the layer that is shed most frequently. The inner layer is called the dermis and is thicker and contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles and sweat glands (Seely Stephens Tate 145). Cancer spreads by a group of cells or a single cell that breaks away from the tumor and moves to other parts of the body. Once there, it'll divide and start tumors, made of malignant cells, like the ones that mad up the first tumor (Ingraham 447). When this happens it is called metastic cancer. Metastatic cancer is defined as the transfer of disease from one part of the body to another, as in certain types of cancer (Funk & Wagnalls Dictionary 408.) . With many cancers, the usual first step in prevention is that the affected body part is removed. However, since a persons skin cannot be removed, in its entirety, this presents more of a problem to physicians. Skin cancer is somewhat curable when diagnosed and treated early. And, its somewhat preventable by avoiding sun and tanning bed exposure. Sunscreen is a simple, easy, and convenient artificial defense against skin cancer. There are three main types of skin cancer. Melanoma is the least common, but most serious because this type is responsible for at least three fourths of the skin cancer deaths per year (Encarta encyclopedia, cdrom). The other types of skin cancer are basal cell and squamous cell cancers. These two are referred to as non-melanoma skin cancers. Another rare type of skin cancer, known as Kaposi's sarcoma, is rarely seen (Barnes-Savarney, 177). The most common type of skin cancer is basal cell skin cancer. However, Melonoma is the fastest growing type of cancer, affecting approximately 32,000 americans in 1993 (Encarta Encyclopedi, cdrom). Melanoma is triggered by ultraviolet rays from the sun and is signaled by the growth or appearance of an irregular mole on the skin. The mole may be diagnosed based on its size, shape, color, or texture, or due to its tenderness or hardness. Developing skin cancer is a two step process. It involves initiation and promotion of malignant growth. Since the ultraviolet rays harm the mechanism for repairing cell damage, one the repair system is impaired, cells become increasingly vulnerable to injury. Subsequent ultraviolet exposure make it worse, and can inititate malignancy. After ultraviolet exposure, the repair mechanism in the body, normally directs damaged cells to commit suicide. This is the explanation for why skin peels after sun tanning and sun burns. However, previously damaged cells with a malfunctioning repair system escape this process. Genetic damage accumulates as normal cells die and abnormal ones survive. It's been determined that skin does not have to be burned to be damaged, and such damage accumulates with chronic, everyday exposure (Encarta cdrom). There are two types of ultraviolet radiation that reach the earth: ultraviolet A and ultraviolet B. Both contribute to skin damage, and

Betty Boop Essays - Films, Betty Boop, English-language Films

Betty Boop Essays - Films, Betty Boop, English-language Films Betty Boop Betty Boop The best case study in animation to illustrate the powerful influence society has over the types of films that are produced is the story of Betty Boop. She was a major cartoon character before the Production Code of 1934 was put into place, and her dramatic and fatal transformation illustrates how a product created under one set of standards often withers when placed in a new set. At the same time, the Code alone cannot explain why this dizzy little flapper degenerated so quickly. Betty Boop exists today solely as a merchandising item. Betty's face and figure can be found on T-shirts, posters, and all sorts of things. Her current popularity in merchandise is somewhat puzzling, as the Fleischers released all of her short cartoons before 1940, save for a halfhearted TV special in the early 1980s and a brief cameo in Who Framed Roger Rabbit. While colorized versions of her cartoons exist, they were never given the same degree of exposure as the colorized versions of Max Fleischer's Popeye cartoons. Seen today, it is easy to see why these cartoons were often revived in the trippy 1960s. While not psychedelic by any means, they are off beat' with other animation. Seeing them for the first time, one can hardly believe one's eyes. These are cartoons that are definitely not from the Disney mode nor are they strictly of the Looney Tunes variety. They are odd. And Betty was their princess. Betty Boop's cartoons were all directed by Max Fleischer's brother Dave, and Dave Fleischer created a world of dark surrealism. The fluid natures of these cartoons make them difficult to describe in a coherent fashion. Dave Fleischer almost certainly did not use story boards or even a script in some of these films and Boop's adventures were free form as a result. Ad-libbing by the voice actors (including Mae Questel, who provided Betty's voice in many films) was the norm, resulting in a very spontaneous-sounding soundtrack. The animation was at times amazingly precise, and at other times very crude. Betty's unique design was the work of Grim Natwick, one of the few animators at Fleischer who had an art school education yet many other Fleischer cartoons are obviously denizens of the Terrytoons/Felix the Cat/Early Mickey Mouse school. These cartoons have stories that amble about in an almost dreamlike way; Snow White possesses a hallucinogenic series of vignettes each even less connect ed to the original fairytale. The transformation of Koko the Clown into the Ghost of Cab Calloway seems to predict the animation of the Genie in Aladdin decades later. Today's animation fans would appreciate introducing themselves with the work of Fleischer's studio. Betty Boop possessed long shapely legs and large round eyes, qualities that may indicate her to be the spiritual grandmother of ladies such as Lum, who populate the anime films of the 1980s and 1990s. Perhaps a more important similarity is the targeting of adults as Betty's audience. The Betty Boop cartoons may have entertained children, but the bulk of the humor was geared to adults (and probably aimed squarely at adult males). As revealed in the documentary Boop-Oop-A-Doop, Betty's animators not only found excuses to back light her or disrobe her but also added subliminal details. (Outright nudity never occurred in the Fleischer world, but implied nudity did). Yet simultaneously, the cartoon characters who lustily pursued Betty were invariably depicted as freakish malformed, goggly-eyed dirty old men. Thus, Fleischer's world not only satisfied the audience's desire for voyeurism, but it also chastised those who engaged in it as perverts. Raising charges of sexism against the Fleischer studio is thus difficult. For the most part Boop was a tease, although Hollywood's habit of erratic self-censorship should not suggest that all innuendos were purely teases. As Smooden pointed out in Animating Culture, the finale of Betty Boop and the Little King leaves the audience with the distinct impression that Boop has become the Little King's mistress. Betty's hula dance in Popeye the Sailor suggests an exotic dancer of a different stripe, as the Boop is clearly topless. It should be stressed, however, that physical attraction was not the selling point of every Boop cartoon. There were plenty of silly entries in which sewing

Answers to Questions About Punctuation

Answers to Questions About Punctuation Answers to Questions About Punctuation Answers to Questions About Punctuation By Mark Nichol Here are a few questions from readers about the use of various forms of punctuation, followed by my responses. 1. In the following sentence, how do you separate the statement from the description, â€Å"A system of aligned chambers supports anaerobic digestion, a biological process that happens naturally when bacteria breaks down organic matter,† or â€Å"A system of aligned chambers supports anaerobic digestion; a biological process that happens naturally when bacteria breaks down organic matter†? The first sentence is correct: A term’s definition is set off from the term by a comma. (The definition is a form of appositive, an alternative way of naming something, just as in â€Å"The boy, a fifth grader at the school, was not injured.†) A semicolon is appropriate only if what follows it could stand on its own as a complete sentence, as in â€Å"A system of aligned chambers supports anaerobic digestion; this is a biological process that happens naturally when bacteria breaks down organic matter.† 2. I avoid the serial comma whenever possible i.e., in cases where there is no ambiguity because I prefer not to have comma-heavy sentences.   However, when it is necessary, I bend my rule and use it to remove any ambiguity. Would this be considered inconsistent style (for writing and editing)? It’s correct, if you generally avoid using serial commas, to omit a serial comma for â€Å"a, b and c† constructions but make an exception to insert one for clarity in â€Å"a, b, and c and d† constructions. That’s consistent usage and it’s approved of by The Associated Press Stylebook and other guides that recommend omitting the serial comma in simple in-line lists as long as you always omit it in the first case and always insert it in the second case. (It would be inconsistent only if you varied between â€Å"a, b and c† and â€Å"a, b, and c.†) But I think it’s better to simply always, always, use a serial comma, as The Chicago Manual of Style and many other guides recommend. 3. In the sentence â€Å"Do you employ a serial comma the final comma in a sentence such as ‘I bought one apple, two bananas, and three oranges’?† you have your punctuation (question mark) outside the quotes. That’s not intentional, right? Question marks and exclamation points are located either within quotation marks or outside them based on whether the quoted material is a question or an exclamation or the framing sentence is a question or an exclamation. In the sentence, â€Å"I bought one apple, two bananas, and three oranges† is not a question; it is positioned within a sentence that is a question: â€Å"Do you employ a serial comma . . . ?† Therefore, the question mark should follow the close quotation mark. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Slang Terms for MoneyCannot or Can Not?Threw and Through

Bmw Company Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Bmw Company Analysis - Essay Example BMW is and always will be looking for new and innovative vehicles to develop in accordance with the needs and wants of the customers while keeping the environment and safety precautious as number one on the priority list. The all-hybrid vehicle is just one example of such a strategy that is in store for the customers. The other important step that BMW would be taking is to increase value for the customers while achieving higher profitability and growth targets with the programme to tap 6 billion Euros in efficiency potential by 2012. Furthermore the shareholders would benefit from company success to a greater extent and their confidence will be regained. New targets set by the CEO in September, 2007 to regaining the sales target of 8% to 10% in the Automobile segment will quieten down the non-ambitious target critics. Also, to solve its declining Dollar problem, BMW will use natural hedging and increase its purchases primarily in US dollars. Specialized Competitors exist in the industry. Luxury vehicles Mercedes and Audi and Lexus compete directly with some of the classes of BMW. It is tougher for BMW to compete than other premium car makers because it lacks the competition’s economies of scale. Audi uses components and engines from its huge Volkswagen owner just like Lexus uses many crucia l from Toyota’s while Mercedes trucks and smaller cars can provide hidden content for more luxurious models.

Crime prevention and Crime Rates Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Crime prevention and Crime Rates - Coursework Example I used the data that was easily available on both factors. The data I chose was for the period between 2003 and 2014. I pursued annual data for analysis as it was easy and provided a broader view to the situation. After the data was gathered, I used https://datawrapper.de to visualize it. In anticipation, I removed the extra data available on the excel sheets of governmental records and omitted unnecessary details that was available. I chose to make two different bar charts using the options available at the website. After the data was gathered, I used https://datawrapper.de to visualize it. In anticipation, I removed the extra data available on the excel sheets of governmental records and omitted unnecessary details that was available. I chose to make two different bar charts using the options available at the website. After the completion of the visualization process, I took screenshots and used them for investigation and critical analysis. I believe that Daily Express will be a suitable publication for this news to enlighten UK population on the relationship between Police workforce and the recorded crime rates.

Nature verses nurture Essay Example for Free

Nature verses nurture Essay The nature versus nurture debate is an argument over whether nature plays a primary role in the development of an individual (heredity), or the environment (nurture). Nature, as understood by Psychologists, refers to physical characteristics that are biologically inherited, such as the color of skin, eye or texture of hair. Nurture on the other hand, refers to environmental influences after conception, such as our experiences (McLeod 2011). The debate has been controversial and ongoing for decades; Psychologists have tried to determine whether a person’s development is predisposed by DNA or his environment. So the questions exists, is it inherited gene or is it the driving force such as upbringing and nurturing from parents and caregivers that influences a child to grow up to become a lawyer, doctor, or a professional athlete. Both theories are essentially at opposite ends of the spectrum. Those who adopt an extreme hereditary approach (nativists) are of the belief that the characteristics or the human specie are a product of evolution and that our individual differences are due to the unique genetic makeup of the individual. At the opposite end of the spectrum, are environmentalists (empiricists) who believe that at birth the human mind is a blank slate that during development is gradually filled with our experiences (McLeod, 2007). In this paper we will look to two studies exploring the controversial nature versus nurture debate, make comparisons between them and discuss the conclusion of each study. John Bowlby (1907-1990) was a psychoanalyst who believed that mental health and behavioral problems could be attributed to early childhood. In his evolutionary Theory of Attachment developed after World War II, he suggests that children come into the world biologically pre-programmed to form attachments with others, as this is a means of survival. According to his original theory, infants have a universal need to seek close proximity with their caregiver. He observed that children experience intense distress when separated from their mothers and this shaped his belief that there is a fundamental link between early infant separations with the mother and later maladjustment (McLeod, 2009). Many subsequent theories have developed in support of this theory; Rudolph Schaffer and Peggy Emerson in 1964, studied 60 babies at monthly intervals for the first 18 months of life. The children were all studied in their own home and involved visiting the babies monthly for approximately one year. During this time, the caregivers were interviewed and all interactions with the babies were observed (McLeod, 2009). In contrast, Albert Bandura developed the Social Learning Theory in support of the nurture debate. He believed that people learn from each other through the process of observation, imitation and modeling. In 1961 he conducted an experiment called the â€Å"Bobo Doll Experiment,† to investigate if social behaviors can be acquired by imitation. The methodology of his study involved testing 36 boys and girls from the Stanford University Nursery School between the ages of three and six years. One male and female adult role model was chosen to demonstrate aggressive behavior. 24 boys and girls were allowed to watch a role model behaving aggressively towards a toy called a â€Å"Bobo doll. † The adults were told to attack the doll in destructive way, using hands, feet, weapons, or abusive language. Another 24 children were exposed to a non-aggressive model and the final 24 children were used as a controlled group and not exposed to any model or aggressive behavior at all. All the children were tested individually through three stages; modeling, aggression arousal and delayed imitation (McLeod, 2011). When the two studies are compared, many differences can be identified, but only a few similarities. In both studies, the subjects used were children. The researchers used an observational approach to undertake their study, the results of which support each theory. During both studies, the subjects were observed during normal activities and their behaviors evaluated through a series of stages. The first identifiable difference between studies was the type of study undertaken. A longitudinal study was undertaken in The Attachment Theory. It was conducted over a period of 18 months; while the Social Learning Theory was an experiment conducted over one day using matched pairs design. The second difference between studies was where they took place: the Attachment Theory studied infants in their own homes, while the Social Learning Theory conducted the experiment in a play nursery. Children at different ages were used in both studies: from birth to 18 months in the Attachment Theory, and from three to six years in the Social Learning Theory. In the Social Learning Theory experiment, all the children were pre-tested for aggression before the behavior was introduced to one group. No behavior was introduced in the Attachment Theory study, infants were observed in their normal routine and daily interactions. One final observable difference between the studies was that a controlled group was used in the â€Å"Bobo Doll Experiment† of The Social Learning Theory, while no controlled group was used in the Attachment Theory study (McLeod 2009, 2011). The Attachment Theory study results indicate that babies develop attachment in the following sequence: (1) up to three months of age where the baby responds equally to any caregiver, (2) after four months where there is a preference for certain people, (3) after seven months where there is a special preference for a single attachment figure, (4) and after nine months where they develop multiple attachments. The conclusion of the study proved babies look to particular people for security, comfort and protection. Fear and unhappiness is shown when separated from that special person. According to the study the most important thing in forming attachment is not who feeds and changes the child, but who plays and communicates with him or her (McLeod, 2009). In the second study, the â€Å"Bobo Doll Experiment† findings supported Bandura’s Social Learning Theory. Children learn social behavior such as aggression through the process of observation learning, i.e. watching the behavior of another person. During the experiment the children exposed to the violent model tended to imitate the exact behavior they had observed when the adult left the room. The children in the non-aggressive group behave less aggressively than those in the control group, and boys behaved more aggressively than girls. The study also showed that boys who observed an adult male behaving violently were more influenced than those who had observed a female model aggressive behavior. Boys were more likely to imitate physical acts of violence, while girls were more likely to imitate verbal aggression (McLeod, 2011). Many experts believe today, that behavior and development are influenced by both nature and nurture; one does not exist without the other. Some psychologists believe that learning continues even through adulthood. While few people take the extreme inherited or extreme environmental approach, researchers and experts are now consumed with the degree to which biology and environment influence behavior. References McLeod, S. A. (2011). Albert Bandura/ Social learning theory- Simply psychology. Retrieved 10/01/2013 from http://www. simplypsychology. org/baddura. html McLeod, S. A. (2009). Attachment Theory Simply psychology. Retrieved 10/04/2013 from http://www. simplypsychology. org/attachment. html McLeod, S. A. (2011). Bobo Doll Experiment- Simply psychology. Retrieved 10/03/2013 from http://www. simplypsychology. org/bobo-doll. html McLeod, S. A. (2011). Nature Nurture in Psychology- Simply psychology. Retrieved 10/05/2013 from http://www. simplypsychology. org/naturevsnurture. html.

How Terrorism Has Changed The News Essay -- Impact Terrorism on the Me

My family had no time for news that morning. When my mom dropped me off at school, we were perfectly unaware of the largest news story to break in years. I noticed more noise than usual in the empty school hallways. The muffled TV sets, hushed voices, and lack of children or laughter unnerved me enough to show up at my classroom a full ten minutes early. Immediately, I noticed that the TV was on, which confused me because we had no movie planned. My teacher was watching the same show as another teacher, featuring repeated footage of a plane tearing into a building. She was on the phone, and come to think of it, several other teachers I’d passed were making phone calls too. Everyone must be so excited about this show, I thought. â€Å"Oh my god, this can’t be real.† As my teacher spoke those words, I noticed for the first time this was a news show. My teacher explained what was going on, and questioned whether my parents would even want me in school right now. As more students showed up, she lowered the TV’s volume, but she didn’t turn it off; she didn’t even mute it. That TV stayed on all day, still showing the plane tearing into the building. Two things intrigue me about this memory. I felt unsafe. I felt unsafe in a vague and terrifying way. I didn’t expect an airplane to fly into my school, but I was scared because the people in charge of me were scared. Meanwhile, the people in charge of me were scared because the people in charge of them— or in charge of their world perceptions— were scared too. While the news media were painstakingly familiar with the element of fear, this fear was authentic, and it alarmed everyone. I also remember how strange it felt that the television was on. At school we learned about the world through the filters of textbooks, never straight off the TV. My classmates weren’t the only non-traditional viewers that day; teachers and employees all over kept the newsfeed constant. These elements— genuine fear and a receptive audience— rendered the traditional US approach to news useless and revealed how US media, in comparison with foreign news sources, uses fear to draw in viewers. News media depends upon advertising. Since advertisers want to market their products as widely as possible, news corporations must entice plenty of viewers to stay afloat. News, therefore, is not just about information. While networks attempt to obj... ...ing. Terrorism, today, has lost its genuine shock factor, and â€Å"the war on terror† serves simply as another phrase to generate that comfortable fear that keeps viewers hooked. If an event as unexpected, powerful and tragic didn’t change the sensational attitude behind news reporting, perhaps only a shift in news format will. Works Cited Altheide, David L. and R. Sam Michalowski. â€Å"Fear in the News: A Discourse of Control.† The Sociological Quarterly. 40.3. (1999): 475-503. Web. Feb. 6 2011. 9/11/01 – CNN News Coverage 1st 5 Minutes. 9 July 2007. Youtube. 5 Feb. 2011. Web. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vfYQAPhjwzA. â€Å"Arafat Horrified by Attacks, but Thousands of Palestinians Celebrate; Rest of World Outraged.† FoxNews.com 12 Sept. 2001. Web. 6 Feb. 2011. Williams, A.D. September 11 News. September11News.com. Web. 5 Feb. 2011. â€Å"Before and After. How The War on Terrorism Has Changed The News Agenda.† journalism.org. Project for Excellence in Journalism, 19 Nov. 2001. Web. 5 Feb 2011. â€Å"How 9-11 Changed the Evening News.† journalism.org. Project for Excellence in Journalism, 11 Sept. 2006. Web. 5 Feb 2011. 911Truth.org. 911Truth.org, 2001. Web. 6 Feb. 2011.

What Are the Main Aims and Objectives of Sentencing Within England and Wales? Should Any One Theory Dominate?

What are the main aims and objectives of sentencing within England and Wales? Should any one theory dominate? What are the main aims and objectives of sentencing within England and Wales? Should any one theory dominate? In the criminal justice system, there are many different sentences that can be given to an offender. According to the sentencing statistics in England and Wales (2009) the highest sentence being given is financial penalties with 67. 3% of convicted offenders being given a fine, 14% received community service and 7. 2% of offenders were sentenced to prison.The type and length of a sentence largely depends upon the seriousness of the committed offence and the offender behind it. This essay will look at the main aims and objectives of sentencing, as well as the different theories used within sentencing. Within this essay the question of whether or not a sentence should aim to prevent further crimes or punish offenders as they deserve, will too be discussed. A further fac tor of this essay will look at influential factors within sentencing and the complications that would arise if the system was to be dominated by one theory.To conclude it has been found that one theory simply cannot dominate sentencing within England and Wales as the majority of sentences are tailored around each individual offence and offender, therefore there cannot be a set sentence for a set crime. According to the Criminal Justice Act (2003) there are five main purposes of sentencing an offender. The first is to punish the offender; also known as denunciation. This is the acknowledgement that the behaviour of the offender is not acceptable within society and ensures a consequent punishment.This can be seen as a form of paying back the wrong doing or understanding of what is right and wrong. However Ashworth (2005) arises the underlying question on how this does so and why punishment is seen as an appropriate response to criminal behaviour. The second is to reduce crime this inc ludes its reduction by deterrence. Ashworth (1999) claimed that deterrence aimed to prevent crime by future offenders and the offender in question, by not committing an offence due to fearing the consequent punishment.This can take the form of individual or general deterrence. The next purpose of sentencing is to reform and rehabilitate the offender, this is achieved through many different methods such as; counseling or group therapy. The purpose of this is to change the offenders’ attitudes and behaviours so they desist from crime. (Ashworth 1999) Rehabilitation may also address prior reasons as to why the offender may of committed the offence in the first place and teach the offender to deal with these in an acceptable way.The fourth aim of sentencing is to protect the public from both the offender and further crimes. This is known as incapacitation, the idea of removing the ability from the offender to commit a crime for a length of time, for example; being in prison or un der house arrest. Finally the last purpose of sentencing is for the offender to make amends to the persons affected by their actions. This idea can also be known as restorative. This aims to give an appropriate sentence to the offender, whilst ensuring a balance with the appeasement of the victim.This can be in the form of the offender having to give some sort of financial compensation to the victim or affected persons. When deciding on an appropriate sentence for an offender there are two main theories that dominate. These theories individually question whether or not it is best to punish the offender or treat the offender. Retributivism is the first, otherwise known as backward looking, and secondly is Reductivism, know as forward looking. Retributivism is the idea that an offenders’ punishment should fit the crime that was committed.Otherwise referred to as ‘an eye for an eye’ approach. Proportionality is the essence of the retributivist theory. Von Hirsch (19 81) quoted that ‘the severity of the punishment should be commensurate with the seriousness of the wrong’ he also stated that there were two types of proportionality. The first being Ordinal, this is how offences are ranked in accordance to their seriousness, and the offence ranked at the top will in turn receive the highest punishment. The second type of proportionality is Cardinal, this is how punishments are ranked in accordance to seriousness.This idea has set sentences for set crimes therefore ignoring the offenders circumstances. Reductivism aims to prevent future offences with the main aim of creating the greatest happiness for the greatest number. Reductivism consists of three main ideas; deterrence, rehabilitation and incapacitation. Ashworth (1998. 44) quoted that; ‘Deterrence seeks to further the aim of crime prevention by setting the sentence so that it is sufficient to deter the convicted offender. ’ This idea is known as individual deterrence, general eterrence differs from this, as instead of focusing on preventing the offender in question from offending again, general deterrence focuses on preventing potential offenders from committing a crime due to them being fearful of the crimes consequential punishment. Incapacitation is the idea of preventing an offender from committing a future crime by making it impossible for them to do so. For example; being in prison prevents the offender from being able to commit another crime.This idea is used for offenders who are not deemed as ‘curable’. This goes against the retributivist idea that punishments should follow a committed offence by punishing a person in order to prevent an offence. The third aim of reductivism, is rehabilitation. This is the idea that the offenders behaviours can be altered through methods such as cognitive behavioural therapy and family intervention. Rehabilitation in practise can be seen in the case of Venables and Thompson.The Times report ed that ‘One of the most comprehensive care plans was drawn up for young offenders by the Department of Health which aimed to rehabilitate the boys and prevent them becoming institutionalised’. This plan included rehabilitation techniques such as counselling and learning techniques to control their behaviour. As both young offenders were released just 8 years after the murder this would prove the technique some what successful. However this can not be generalised to adult offenders.An important factor that influences sentencing in England and Wales is the offenders’ age. In 2009 5. 8% of offences were committed by under 18s. (Sentencing Statistics). According to Gordon (1999. 92-93) when sentencing a juvenile the courts aims of the sentence should also take the following into account; whether or not the juvenile is young and possibly immature, if they are socially or educationally disadvantaged and finally, if they are at a critical stage in their personal develo pment.When sentencing a juvenile both theories are applied however in some cases the reductivist approach seems to dominate. The Detention and Training order is the main custodial sentence for offenders ages 12-17, this aims to split the sentence to include both a custodial part and part served under the supervision in a community, with the primary concern on rehabilitating the offender therefore being dominated by the reductivist approach.After discussing the aims and objectives of sentencing and the theories based on the aims, it is clear that one theory simply cannot dominant sentences as there are too many influential factors, and one theory working could not be generalised to work on all offenders due to the level of differences between offenders and offences. Some influential factors include; previous convictions, whether or not the offender shows any remorse, the plea and various others. Furthermore to this, a system would not work based on one theory.For example if the syste m was based on deterrence, the courts would need information on each individuals circumstances and character in order to sentence accordingly, persistent offenders would have increased punishments therefore meaning the sentencing system would have no consistency as each sentence would be based on the offender in question. (Ashworth 1998. 45). In Conclusion, after reviewing the two main theories of sentencing in terms of the main aims objectives set by the Criminal Justice Act, it is clear that each one takes some of the aims and objectives into account.However neither has a proposed way of dealing with offenders that addresses all the aims and objectives. Before it is possible for one theory of sentencing to be established as a dominant theory, the question of; whether or not sentencing should primarily punish or treat the offender needs to be answered. However there cannot be a general answer to this, as it will always be a debateable topic, as each sentence depends on each individ ual offender and the individual offence, therefore making a categorisation of whether or not specific crimes should be treated based on the retributivism theory or the reductivism theory cannot be done.A combination of both theories, aiming to punish and treat the offender in order to prevent further offences would seem the best solution, however in some cases this would not be the best solution. BIBLIOGRAPHY Ashworth A, Von Hirsch A, 2005,Proportionate Sentencing, Exploring the principles , Oxford, Oxford University Press Ashworth A, Von Hirsch A, 1998, Principled Sentencing, Readings on Theory and Policy, Hart Publishing Cavadino M, Dignan J, 2006, Penal Systems, A comparative Approach London, Sage Publications Criminal Justice Act 2003Gordan W, Cuddy P, Black J, 1999, Introduction to Youth Justice, Incorporating Introduction to the Youth Court, Winchester, Waterside Press Gross H, Von Hirsch A, 1981 , Sentencing , Oxford, Oxford University Press http://www. justice. gov. uk/sente ncingannual. htm (Sentencing Statistics England and Wales 2009) http://www. timesonline. co. uk/tol/news/uk/crime/article7054623. ece

Property ownership: the case of muslim women

AbstractionProperty ownership has been extremely debated in recent old ages particularly when it comes to adult females. The instance of Muslim adult females has been dismaying in certain Muslim states because though adult females are allowed to have belongings some traditions when set together with some Islamic Laws are extremely curtailing adult females ‘s ownership belongings. Property in this light includes land, house and other touchable belongingss. This paper based on exemplifying the different beginnings of belongings acquisition which has been hindered due to, in most instance calculated confusion of Islamic Torahs and customary Torahs which had restricted the ownership of belongings by Muslim adult females in different Islamic parts. IntroductionWomans in many states still face inequality at place, in their communities and the society at big. They are normally left in the background because of province Torahs, customary Torahs and spiritual beliefs. This inequality besides affects their right of belongings ownership. The rights of adult females to have, inherit, manage and dispose of belongings whether touchable or intangible has been minimized by persons, imposts and Torahs in many states of the universe today. These adult females who most frequently constitutes a greater population of the state, are non give the chance to ain land, houses, autos, bank history, cowss, harvests and many other signifiers of belongings. Women ‘s right to belongings most frequently depends on the relationship they portion with work forces around them. Religion excessively has besides had an impact on the ownership of belongings by adult females when set together with customary beliefs. These two when put together in utmost instances greatly limits the right of a adult females to ain belongings. Religion has been interpreted to the hurt of the Islamic adult female but to the advantage of the Islamic adult male. These several reading of Islam under different customary Torahs has reduced the rights of adult females to ain belongings. This paper hence brings out the function of Muslim faith on the ownership of belongings by Muslim adult females. Analyze what the Islamic faith says about adult females having belongings and what is the existent state of affairs at manus. That is how the Islamic faith is integrated with tradition and province jurisprudence and its impact on the ownership of belongings by Muslim adult females in Muslim parts. The Role of Islam in Property Ownership amongst Muslim WomenHistorically, the Quran acknowledges the right of adult females to ain belongings. The Quran explains of import station held by adult females during the period of the prophesier which made them to get belongings. In general footings the Islamic jurisprudence allows adult females to keep, usage and dispose of belongings but when you go into inside informations the footings become really complicated and this therefore restrict these adult females. The Islamic jurisprudence acknowledges the fact that a adult female should be given what she earns and which can be a adult male ‘s when she volitionally transfers it to the adult male. But when we consider the fact that Muslim adult females are suppose to be really reserve, their right of belongings ownership which can be gained merely when they are exposed is restricted. To have a belongings in any signifier means you need to pull off this belongings and this direction can no n be adequately established in the private infinite you need the public infinite. The undermentioned analyses discuss the different ways in which belongings can be acquired but which adult females are being restricted in societies where Islam and tradition are being practiced in extremes. InheritanceIn Islam the adult male is considered the caput of the household and has the right to ain belongings. Inheritance which is a signifier of belongings ownership extremely favors the adult male. Though adult females have the right to inherit belongings of a asleep member of their household, their ain portion is normally half of what the adult male inherits. Though adult females have the right to inherit from their male parent, it is normally two portions for work forces and one for adult females. They believe that adult females do non hold any duty to take attention of the household as the work forces do, therefore the work forces should be given more. In most traditional Muslim states the combination of customary and Muslim jurisprudence against adult females refering this issue makes adult females to be wholly refused the right of belongings ownership. For them since these adult females do non take attention of the household, they should non be given the right to have any b elongings. Besides in most jurisprudence tribunals like in Northern Nigeria where Islam is practiced, the right of adult females to inherit belongings is denied by some Judgess though Islam accepts these rights. Most frequently, the heritage is done in theory and non in patterns. The adult females are merely told that they have been assigned this part of belongings which in most instances is ne'er given to them. Property ownership is consider as a adult male ‘s concern since adult females are considered to be dependent and weak and needs the support of a adult male to manage belongings issues. Annelies Moors ( 1995 ) besides explains that while in Islamic jurisprudence adult females have heritage rights, these so are by and large more limited than those of work forces. This she explains that, looking into the portions of the widows and girls, the male penchant is normally really clear. This is because, in the instance where the hubby dies it is hard for the adult female to inherit the hubby ‘s belongings because she can acquire married to another adult male or better still she is suppose to remain under the protection of the work forces in the hubby ‘s household be it her b oies or the hubby ‘s brothers. Harmonizing to Islam, married womans are entitled to one-eighth of the belongings of their hubbies when the deceased hubbies have kids and to one-fourth if they are childless while girls on the other manus are entitled to merely half the portion of their brother ‘s portion. Besides, when there is an lone girl she gets half of the asleep male parent ‘s belongings and the remainder goes to the male parent ‘s male relations while an lone boy gets the full belongings of the asleep male parent demoing a biased against these adult females. This is because the belongings the adult female with kids owns goes to her kids particularly if they are male childs and if she does non acquire married, she is given less and most frequently refused because she can be remarried. The instance of a childless adult female is worst because she is left with nil as belongings even if she contributed in the acquisition of the belongings. Besides, having a belongings means giving the adult female an upper manus and altering her private infinite to a public infinite. A adult female is suppose to be really modesty in her private infinite and non exposed by having belongings to the public infinite which is considered a adult male ‘s infinite. This perceptual experience is different with urban and rural Muslim adult females. Annelies Moors ( 1995 ) , discusses that although the adult females in both country knew their rights of belongings ownership, some those in the urban countries accepted their ain portion of the estate but most in the rural countries stayed retrained from geting their ain portions. This I believe was the consequence of their customary jurisprudence in those rural countries which prohibited them.EducationEducation is a signifier of belongings acquisition because when you are educated you are exposed to issues of cognizing your rights. In most parts of Africa where Islam is practiced, the figure o f misss traveling to school has been comparatively low compared to the Christian countries. The people do non see the demand of educating the miss kid since she is believed to be the belongings of the adult male. Education is non a precedence but early matrimonies are encouraged. Traveling to school is meant for the male childs who will finally go a household caput and needs instruction and belongings to take attention of the household. This is really common with Muslims particularly in the rural countries who strongly believe in their customary and Islamic Torahs. Most of them are non cognizant of any province jurisprudence or international human rights Torahs or even the Islamic which give them the right to ain belongings. Vanessa Maher ( 1974 ) , explains that Berbers in Morocco equivalent of privacy, and continuing household award integral in maintaining their miss kid at place since schools are considered as a corrupting influence and giving entree to the populace sphere doing instruction really irrelevant.WorkHarmonizing to the Islamic jurisprudence, adult females are allowed to work but this is normally under certain fortunes and under really rigorous conditions. In many Islamic states, occupation chances for adult females and work forces are non the same. They are non given equal chances because adult females are extremely restricted from public life. A adult female is non supposed to work entirely with a adult male because harmonizing to the Quran they might be tempted. A adult female is non supposed to make any occupation that will expose her award of muliebrity but she is supposed to stay modest. Islam by and large recommends that adult females stay at place and take attention of the place. When Vanessa Maher carried out her field work on Women and Property in Morocco in 1974, she pointed out that adult females do non work for rewards because their engagement in the ‘public domain ‘ is considered immoral. This alone prohibits these adult females from making anything that will do them get belongings. Besides the adult male has is oblarged harmonizing to Islam to continue his duty of keeping the adult female. The hubby is responsible for keeping his married woman and the full household non the other manner round even when the married woman has the agencies, so this besides discourages Muslim adult females from working.Harmonizing to the Islamic jurisprudence, adult females are allowed to work but this is normally under certain fortunes and under really rigorous conditions. In many Islamic states, occupation chances for adult females and work forces are non the same. They are non given equal chances because adult females are extremely restricted from public life. A adult female is non supposed to work entirely with a adult male because harmonizing to the Quran they might be tempted. A adult female is non supposed to make any occupation that will expose her award of muliebrity but she is supposed to stay modest. Islam by and large recommends that adult females stay at place and take attention of the place. When Vanessa Maher carried out her field work on Women and Property in Morocco in 1974, she pointed out that adult females do non work for rewards because their engagement in the ‘public domain ‘ is considered immoral. This alone prohibits these adult females from making anything that will do them get belongings. Besides the adult male has is oblarged harmonizing to Islam to continue his duty of keeping the adult female. The hubby is responsible for keeping his married woman and the full household non the other manner round even when the married woman has the agencies, so this besides discourages Muslim adult females from working.Even the dowry and care gift in which the adult female is entitled to be given to her for matrimony is merely owned by her in theory and non in pattern. Annelies Moors 1995 when she carried out her research in Palestine explained that â€Å" younger small town adult females seldom expressed an involvement in selling their gold ( which was their dowry ) to purchase productive belongings ; they would instead put it in their hubby and his house † . This is because when she gets married to the adult male this belongings automatically goes back to the adult male since he is supposed to command the household ‘s resources. At times the dowry and care gift are orally given through promises and the adult female ne'er receives it. The dowry is bit by bit losing its value because most modern-day Muslim adult females will prefer their hubbies to put his resources in the up support of the household. They do non truly care about the dowry particularly in the urban countries. More so, in instance of divorce since the married woman does non hold any right of belongings compensation or sharing all what was given to her as dowry is taken by the hubby. This is because, during matrimony the belongingss she contributes to the household are non regarded as hers but the hubby ‘s belongings. Annelies Moors ( 1995 ) , in her research in Palestine explains that adult females no longer sell their gold dowry to purchase productive belongings because independent female ownership of such belongings clangs with their definition as dependent married womans. They alternatively use it to put in their households therefore cut downing their entree to belongings. DecisionThough attempts are being made to heighten belongings ownership by Muslim adult females, this issue is more complicated in the rural countries since there are strong customary Torahs which restrict adult females. When these customary Torahs are put together with the Islamic Torahs, these adult females are wholly isolated in the ownership of belongings. This is because there is a calculated confusion between Islamic Torahs and customary jurisprudence by work forces which suppress a adult female ‘s right of having belongings doing the customary jurisprudence to rule. Actual control of belongings has still remained in custodies of the work forces. Women ‘s less right of belongings harmonizing to Islamic ideas is seen to be compensated with the fact that they are under the detention of the work forces. Property is considered as power, and the more belongings you own the more powerful you are. MentionsDUPRET, B. , BERGER, M. , Al-ZWAINI, L. ( Eds. ) , Legal Pluralism in the Arab World, The Hague, Kluwer International, 1999 ROSEN, L. ( 2000 ) : The Justice of Islam. Comparative Perspectives on Islamic Law and Society, Oxford U.P Vanessa Maher ( 1974 ) ; Women and Property in Morocco: The Changing Relation to the Process of Social Stratification in the Middle Atlas. Cambridge University Press. Annelies Moors ( 1995 ) ; Women Property and Islam: Palestinian Experience 1920-1990. Cambridge Middle East Ngon & A ; eacute ; Diop Tine and Mohamadou Sy ( 2003 ) : Womans and Land in Africa: A instance Study from Senegal.

Essay on Reunification of Korea

Essay on Reunification of Korea Essay on Reunification of Korea Essay on Reunification of KoreaThe unification of Korea is one of the major priorities for South Korea at the moment. This is why South Korea should accept the offer of China to support the reunification of Korea in exchange for the withdrawal of the US army from Korean peninsula.At the moment, North Korea is the real threat to South Korea that requires the presence of American troops on Korean peninsula. The elimination of this threat would naturally make the presence of the US army unnecessary in Korea. At any rate, the US army will not be crucial for the safety of Korea after the reunification of two countries.In addition, China is rather a hypothetical threat to reunified Korea than the real one. In such a situation, the presence of the US army on Korean peninsula would rather maintain the tension in the region that ease it because China will view the peninsula as a potential threat to its national interests and safety because China views the US as the potential rival in the regi on. The withdrawal of the US army from Korea will ease the tension because China will not view the peninsula as a source of potential threat for its national interests.Furthermore, unified Korea may not view China as the rival or enemy because current economic interests of the two countries stimulate the economic and, therefore, political cooperation rather than confrontation and persisting tension between China and Korea. The regional economic cooperation will be more beneficial for both countries in economic terms than their confrontation.In addition, China will still keep in mind Japan and the presence of the US army in Japan. In fact, if Korea feels insecure, it can develop closer cooperation with Japan and maintain close relations with the US as is the case of Israel in the Middle East. In such a way, Korea will have a strong US-Japanese back-up in case of the confrontation with China.Moreover, technically, the occupation of Korea by China is possible but the US as well as othe r countries of the region, especially Japan, can supply Korea with extensive military aid, including their direct military deployment, if necessary.At this point, it is also worth mentioning the fact that the modern weapon and technology do not need the physical location of the US army on Korean peninsula. Instead, the US may deploy its navy to cover Korea. For example, in case of the military aggression from the part of China, the US may deploy its navy forces to support Korea and provide the military back up. The deployment of the military force may not be necessary in the contemporary war. At this point, it is possible to refer to recent military conflicts the US was involved in, where the use of the aviation, missiles and high tech weapons allowed minimizing the use of the infantry and land force, while in case of Libya, the use of land forces by the US and its allies was unnecessary. Instead, the allies deployed the aviation mainly, while local military forces conducted the lan d operation. Similarly, in case of the large scale conflict, the US may supply the tactical support, such as aviation and missile attacks, while the land force of Korea can conduct the on land defense.Finally, the main reason for the reunification of Korea on the condition of the US withdrawal from the peninsula is the ease of tension in the region (Glaser Snyder, 2010). China and reunified Korea will be more interested in their cooperation rather than confrontation. China will not have the reason to view Korean peninsula as a threat to its national interests, if the US withdraws its army from the peninsula. Instead, this move will open the way for the closer cooperation between Korea and China, who are interested in the stability in the region rather than in the confrontation.On the other hand, the withdrawal of the US army from Korean peninsula will enhance consistently the position of China in the region. This is the major argument against the reunification of Korea on the condi tion of the withdrawal of the US army. At this point, it is important to place emphasis on the fact that the US military presence is a restricting factor that prevents China from extending its influence in the region (Cumings, 1997). At this point, it is possible to presuppose that China may expand the sphere of its impact on Korea since there would be no rivals in the region but Russia, which though can hardly challenge the position of China in the region as strongly as the US.In addition, the withdrawal of the US from Korea will enhance the role of Japan in the region that will put Korea in the position of a mere puppet in hands of the major powers, including China, the US, Japan and Russia, in a way (Nikitin, 2013). The presence of the US army on Korean peninsula makes Korea an important player in the international politics in the East Asian region. Being deprived of the direct military support and presence of the US, Korea becomes more dependent on policies and position of neigh boring states.In a long-run perspective, the withdrawal of the US army from Korean peninsula may result in the enhancement of the position of China and steady pushing the US out of the region. In such a situation, Japan may also use the weakening of the position of the US since Japan will actually remain the only ally that can grant its territory of the US military bases. However, Japan may try to take the lead in the region and pushing the US out of the region (Cumings, 1996). In this regard, the current attempt to grant more power to Japan making it the major ally in the region, which can operate with minimal American support like Israel in the Middle East, which has its own military forces and relies on the political support of the US as its strategic partner.Thus, the reunification of Korea is rather a positive solution to the current problem of Korean conflict. At the same time, the reunification of Korea on the condition of withdrawal of American army is quite controversial si nce it weakens the position of the US and opens the way for the emergence of China and Japan as the major powers in the region. Nevertheless, such reunification is rather positive than negative because it finally eases the tension on the peninsula and the region and allows closer economic cooperation between countries of the region that is likely to become prior to political ambitions of these countries.

GCSE Critical Thinking Basic Guide on Qualifications

GCSE Critical Thinking Basic Guide on Qualifications GCSE Critical Thinking: Basic Guide on Qualifications How accurate the evaluation of someone’s critical thinking can be? There are loads of debates swirling around the ability to critically analyse the surroundings and the above mentioned question because the phenomenon is so abstract and individual that not a lot of educational institutions venture into assessing this skill †¦ except for the ones in the UK. What is GCSE Critical Thinking? GCSE is a certification system that was implemented back in 1988 and overtook other assessment ways. And in 2009 it expanded up to critical thinking. There are 2 types of qualifications you can get by passing GCSE: Advanced Subsidiary GCE (introduction to critical thinking, basic concepts and principles of analysis) Advanced GCE (deeper understanding of critical analysis and evaluation, ability to form fully-featured arguments) There is no strict sequence of taking the exams, you can freely start with the second one if you feel like it. The only thing is that prior to applying for courses you need to obtain a general educational level complying with National Curriculum Level 4. You are also advised to pass a GCSE on the English language with a minimum C score. What Qualifications Are You Supposed to Have in Order to Pass? Critical thinking consists of 2 main elements each of which bears a certain value for this skill. And these 2 components are at the centre of attention during the courses and the exams themselves. Let’s see what they are and which qualifications they are responsible for: Analysis of Reasoning – the ability to split the reasoning into separate parts, mark and categorise them, understand and explain the relationships between those parts. In the sphere of its influence there are a number of knowledge elements you need to have or acquire: Knowing different relevant terms like coherent, structure, opinion, challenge, assess, counter, etc.; Understanding the core difference between an argument and explanation, and situations when they can interlace; Being able to explain the meaning and purpose of analogy, general principles, intermediary conclusion. Evaluation of Reasoning – the ability to determine if the argument is weak or strong and identify the flaws as well as fortes. It is responsible for: Specifying the drawbacks of reasoning by applying the terms like conflation, slippery slope, confusing cause, post hoc, etc. as well as understanding the difference between them; Tracing appeals (means of emotional impact used as tools of persuasion) and categorising them according to their nature (history, authority, tradition, etc.); Being able to use statistics (research findings, surveys, etc.) to evaluate arguments and evidence; Analysing evidence, suggesting possible future outcomes and/or impact of further evidence, proposing conclusions. These are the most important qualifications that you acquire during courses that are provided before certification. Of course, they are not all – for further research on the topic consult OCR.org.uk. But our article will give you a general idea what GCSE paper on critical thinking is all about. Weigh up the pros and cons, choose the level of a certificate and start preparing!

Trading for Meatingly Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Trading for Meatingly - Essay Example It was 1985; I was 13 and had just beheld a goddess at the baseball card show. Looking back with the experience that years bring, I have often tried to unearth if she really was as beautiful as I first imagined, or if the impact of her appearance was simply some sort of ode to the relativity of all things. In essence, I have tried to discern if she really was as awesomely radiant in an absolute manner or if she appeared so simply because she was the only other girl of my age in the entire Ramada conference room that day. The crowd at baseball card shows in those days was predominately male and could be sorted into two general categories. First was the pre-to-young adolescent cohort. This was made-up of kids that were old enough to have some sort of job that provided income for their baseball card habit. They were also old enough to be trusted by parents to walk or ride a bike to the Ramada without stopping to take candy from strangers or getting into a rusty Dodge van with a man that promised to show you his pet turtle. We were a decidedly pimply lot with greasy hair, greasy smiles and pale skin from marathon baseball card trading sessions in basement entertainment rooms of friends and relatives. The second cohort was the gentlemen whose waist sizes were keeping pace with their age well into their late forties and early fifties. They were a beefy, jovial bunch of men that found great pleasure in statistics, speculation and talking with young adolescents for hours on end about baseball players. They never talked baseball. It was always the players. Like a secret language, the mention of certain surnames among these gentlemen could inspire awe and reverence or loathing and argument. Names from the recent past such as Yastremski and Morgan were invariably compared to older players such as Ruth and Young. Not just compared as players, but compared as commodities. This was the real love for these men. Who’s card would raise in value, fall in value? The future was the real interest for these men. Who was playing now that would be the next Ruth or Aaron? And more importantly, how can I get his cards cheap now so I can sell them at a profit in the future? So it is understandable why, given this backdrop of greasy, pimply, fleshy maleness, I might think that her beauty was somehow a mirage. How I might think she was the most beautiful girl simply because she was the only girl in the room at the time. For years, pondering on this first vision of her loveliness was one of my great pastimes. When I was too tired to pick up a book to read or simply didn’t want to invest the effort, I’d think about seeing her for the first time. Over time, I have come to believe that she was not lovely in relation to anything else, she simply was lovely. I now believe that had I seed her for the first time at poolside in the midst of a wild party full of gyrating, bikini-clad supermodels, her immaculate high-tops and ponytail would have had the exa ct same effect upon me. I would have forgotten my name, surreptitiously glanced her way at every opportunity and chiefly, nearly forgotten that I had embarked upon this particular trip to the card show on a special mission. I was, in fact, convinced that I had out speculated the men with the bellies. I was certain in 1985 that I had seen the future of baseball. I could see my fortune being made with a few purchases of a particular player.

3.Account for the increasing number of children incarcerated in the Essay

3.Account for the increasing number of children incarcerated in the UK. Is this an effective means to tackle youth offending - Essay Example The increase in incarceration is simply a result of more punitive sentencing and remand decisions. At the same time, depriving children of their liberty is ineffective in terms of preventing further offending, is expensive and does incalculable damage to young people who are already among the most vulnerable in society – a point tragically confirmed by the death of two children in custodial establishments during 2004.† (Narco, 2005, p. 1) It is clear from such observation that though there has not been any such change at the rate of criminal activities in the socio-cultural backdrop of the United Kingdom, but the administration, as it has witnessed through its previous experience that, random imprisonment of children helps in cutting the rate of criminal offence down, that is why they are still sticking to the system. Such random process of child incarceration, though its is considered to be effective but in real life is not only results in tremendous psychological probl ems to the youth section of the society but at the same time they are also exposed to the risk of being abused or molested by criminal minded persons. Consequently, they either remain as psychological patients for the rest of their lives or they develop extremely hostile mentality against the society that provides them also with a criminal bent of mind. Statistics of 2004 shows that 205 youths, who were below 15 years of age were taken under custody and three of them, namely, Gareth Price (16), Gareth Myatt (15) and Adam Rickwood (14), expired unfortunately during their tenure in the custody. (Narco, 5005, p, 1) Such incidents bear enough evidence to show that in the name of justice or controlling crime what actually is happening is exploitation of the youth force of a nation and the administration is actually dragging the youth section to such a situation, where they are not

Rock and Roll History Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rock and Roll History - Assignment Example The giant electronic screen behind the stage showed the various band members and the other guest artists from time to time, focusing on one individual at a time. There were times also when the said electronic screen showed some fancy cartoons or caricatures of people. B Description of the Performance – the band was quite remarkable because the band members played all their songs all the way back to their start as a band. In other words, the mixture of the songs was eclectic and there was hardly any misstep in their performance. Band members memorized all their songs, even the old ones, and Linkin Park did not limit itself to purely rock and roll songs or the usual rap metal songs in their albums. For fans of this band, their performance was considered one of the best so far but on the other hand, those who hate the sound of rap may find their music too hard on their ears. All the thumping and the shouting at times may sound like irritating noise instead of soothing music to unfamiliar ears. The sheer volume of the sound system made the song lyrics inaudible most of the time although many of the fans are already familiar with these songs. On the whole, it was an awesome performance. Instrumentation was good while the articulation of the sou nd at high volume was excellent. C Description of the Artists/Band (musical genre) –the songs of Linkin Park are associated with rap metal music and also with nu metal (or alternatively termed as new metal, neo-metal, or aggro-metal) which is a type of music that is heavy on metal combined with hip-hop music and hardcore punk with additional mixtures from grounge music (characterized by growling vocals and sounds from distorted electric guitars) using apathetic, ennui, or angst-filled lyrics. The sub-genre of music from the Linkin Park band is somewhat a cross or blend between two styles of music which are hip-hop and

Challenges And Prospects For The Asean Economic Community Economics Essay

Challenges And Prospects For The Asean Economic Community Economics Essay Free trade is a significant stimulus to regional production, linkages and competitiveness.   ASEAN has made significant progress in that regard since the implementation of the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) from 1993.   The AFTA initiative has been particularly successful in reducing tariffs in the trade in goods. Currently, some 99.8 per cent of the products in the Inclusion Lists of ASEAN-6 (Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand) have been brought down to the tariff range of 0-5 per cent, with about 65 per cent of those products having zero import tariffs.   Meanwhile, 91 per cent of the products traded by the CLMV countries (Cambodia, Lao Peoples Democratic Republic, Myanmar and Viet Nam) under the Common Effective Preferential Tariff package have been moved into their respective Inclusion Lists.   About 77 percent of those products are already within the 0-5 per cent tariff band. However, regional free trade alone is not sufficient to release the full energies and the inherent potential of ASEAN.   All of us now have to take a further step forward.   Deeper economic integration is necessary for ASEAN to cope effectively with the unprecedented opportunities as well as the unprecedented challenges, on both scale and depth, unleashed by globalisation. China and India have altered the global economic landscape through huge market openings and greater competition, too.   Meanwhile, interlinked supply networks have proliferated all over the world, among many other innovative and more efficient ways in value creation and industrial organization.   Last but not least, there are the freer and often instant movements of new ideas, people and resources across national boundaries. The ASEAN Economic Community.   In the midst of two giant economies, ASEAN Leaders made a historic resolution in December 1997 to leverage the regions potential by building an economic community (ASEAN Vision 2020).   Henceforth, ASEAN is to be transformed into a stable, prosperous, and highly competitive region with equitable economic development, and reduced poverty and socio-economic disparities.   Notably, that resolution took place in the midst of a severe financial and economic crisis in ASEAN.   This underscored once again ASEANs common perception of the critical importance of greater regional cohesion and complementation in coping with good as well as bad times.   Subsequently at the Bali Summit in November 2003, ASEAN Leaders declared that the AEC would be the end-goal of regional economic integration (Bali Concord II).   This Community shall weld together 10 separate entities as a single market and production base by 2020.   The ASEAN Economic Ministers have recently recommended that the target year be sped up to 2015. Put it simply, there will be a free flow of goods, services, investment and a freer flow of capital in the AEC.   This is to be complemented by freer movements of skilled human resources including regional business persons, professionals, and cultural and artistic talents.   The consequent gains from deeper and broader integration are substantial in ASEAN.   They are estimated by McKinsey and Co to cut as much as one-fifth of production costs of consumer goods in the region.   As such, the AEC building process will empower ASEAN to remain a dynamic and competitive player in the regional and global supply chains.   But the same process is also predicated on wide-ranging adjustments and reforms to be carried out by Governments and the business sector, among other stakeholders in the region.   The commitments so far made include, to name just a few, the ASEAN Free Trade Area of 1992; the ASEAN Framework Agreement on Services of 1995; the ASEAN Agreement on Customs and the ASEAN Customs Vision 2020 of 1997; the Framework Agreement on the ASEAN Investment Area and the ASEAN Framework Agreement on Mutual Recognition Agreements, both of 1998; the Initiative for ASEAN Integration of 2000; the ASEAN Framework Agreement for the Integration of Priority Sectors of 2004; and the ASEAN Policy on Standards and Conformance of 2005. ASEAN has three key strengths in the economic arena.   We have abundant natural resources in our region.   We have large supplies of professionals and talented people.   And, we have the capability to adopt, adapt and advance technology.   By leveraging on these strengths the AEC is likely to be realised sooner than later. ASEAN Charter.   A key development complementing the AEC work is the process to establish the ASEAN Charter.   A Charter is certainly not a panacea. But at a minimum, it is going to facilitate the transformation of ASEAN into a rules-based regional organization with a legal personality.   Provisions in the Charter to establish robust mechanisms for monitoring implementation and ensuring compliance would contribute greatly to ASEANs effectiveness. Through the Charter, ASEAN will be able to enshrine the values and principles that shaped by our history and experiences in the last 39 years.   It will virtually become our new and official birth certificate in the sense that we are re-born as the ASEAN Community. Such a Charter would also serve to make ASEAN a more responsive, dynamic and integrated regional organisation. In short, the Charter will define ASEANs future. The ASEAN Eminent Persons Group (EPG) has been working on its recommendation for the drafting of the Charter.   In a few days, the EPGs report will be considered by the ASEAN Leaders during the 12th ASEAN Summit in Cebu, the Philippines, from 11-12 December 2006.   In that report, the EPG will recommend what should go into an ASEAN Charter. And at the upcoming Summit, a High-Level Task Force is expected to be mandated by the ASEAN Leaders to start drafting an ASEAN Charter, taking into account recommendations of the EPG, among other things. This achievement would not only become a benchmark for the region to further enhance its cohesiveness and coherence, but also would venture forth a new cooperative spirit for the community building in the region.  Ã‚   To be sure, there is a lot more work to do, especially in converging the different levels of ambition.   Yet, I am optimistic ASEAN is on the threshold of a quantum leap in collective development and growth. ASEAN-EU economic interaction. Against that backdrop of dynamic changes and developments within ASEAN, the EU has remained, among other roles, an important partner in trade and investment and a major source of technical assistance to ASEAN. The EUs valued roles will continue to be very helpful to AEC building efforts in the coming decade. As a market, for example, the EU-15 economies took in some US$ 78 billion worth of ASEAN exports in 2005, a steady growth of 5 per cent a year since 2000.   The EU was the third largest trading partner, with an average share of 12 per cent of ASEAN trade in the last two years (or just about one percentage point behind Japan and the U.S.A. during 2004-2005).   Germany, Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and France are the most important EU traders with ASEAN. Likewise, the EU-15s foreign direct investment (FDI) in ASEAN has been significant, with the largest share of 57 per cent of the FDI hosted by our region in 2000 (totalling US$ 23.5 billion).   However, this share fell to 19 per cent of the FDI flows to ASEAN (US$ 38.1 billion) in 2005.   Singapore, Indonesia, Malaysia, Viet Nam and Thailand were the main destinations of FDI from the EU. http://www.aseansec.org/19001.htm 30 MAC 2011

Platos Symposium analysis Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"Plato’s Symposium† Kaboom, that was the sound of Zeus’s thunder crashing towards the Earth. During this time period the people in Greece believed in these gods. Also happening at the same time period was when the worlds most famous philosophers began to come out and teach. Most importantly the philosophers did what they were suppose to, and that was to question the world around them. One of the most famous philosophers in the Greek period around 416 B.C. was a man named Socrates. Socrates was student of the Diotima which taught him things about love, ignorance, wisdom and right opinion, which he rehearses to the people attending the dinner of Agathon’s. We will first start by analyzing what Diotima has said about the four cognitive functions, which are: wisdom, understanding, right opinion and ignorance. She asks Socrates â€Å"do you think what is not wise, then it is ignorant?† and she continues with â€Å"Do you not perceive that there is something between wisdom and ignorance?† In these first quotes Socrates only believes that if something is not wise then it has to be ignorant and that there is no in between. Diotima then points out that doesn’t think see that there is an middle point between wisdom and ignorance. Diotima then replies â€Å"To have right opinion without being able to give a reason, is neither to understand (for how could an unreasoned thing be understanding?) nor is it ignorance (for how can ignorance hit the truth?). Right opinion is no doubt something between knowledge and ignorance.† In the second quote what Diotima tells Socrates is that right opinion is in between wisdom and ign orance. She explains this by telling Socrates that being incapable of giving a reason something cannot be considered knowledge, because how can knowledge be entirely lacking reason. She also points out that it can’t be considered ignorance because you can’t obtain the truth from ignorance, but then it is clearly something in between wisdom and ignorance which is called right opinion. Diotima explains the four cognitive functions more in depth a couple of paragraphs later on starting with â€Å"The truth is this: no god seeks after wisdom or desires to become wise—for wise he is already; nor does anyone else seek after wisdom, if he is wise already. And again, the ignorant do not seek after wisdom nor desire to become wise; for this is the worst of ignorance, that one who i... ... all equal forms, and from equal forms to equal practices, from equal practices to equal notions, until from equal notions he realizes the notion of absolute beauty, and finally knows what the essence of beauty is. Diotima explains that this is the life for which a man should live in the view of absolute beauty; a beauty that if you once touched you would not care of gold, clothing, and attractive boys, who’s presence entrances you; and you many a one would be satisfied to live seeing them and talking about them with out food or water, if that were possible, you only want to look to be closer to them and to stare at them. But what if man had eyes to see the true divine beauty, pure and undisrupted, not clogged with the pollutions of human life. To that place looking, and having ability to communicate with true beauty divine and simple? Remember how in that communion only, beholding beauty with the eye of the mind, he will be able to bring forward, not images of beauty, but realities for he has hold not of an image but of a reality, and bringing forth and nourishing true virtue to become the friend of God and be immortal, if mortal man may. Would that be a non-honorable life?"